Primary texts:

1. Thomas Hardy — Jude the Obscure (1895)
2. George Eliot — Middlemarch (1871)
3. Charles Dickens — Hard Times (1854)
4. Anthony Trollope – Doctor Thorne (1858)

Secondary texts:

1. Raymond Williams – “Country and the City” and “Wessex and the Border” in The Country and the City (1973)
2. Paul Ricoeur – “Time and Narrative: Threefold Mimesis” in Time and Narrative (1984)
3. Bakhtin – Selections from “The Forms of Time and of the Chronotope of the Novel in the Dialogic Imagination (1981)
4. Peter Brooks – “Realism and Representation” and “Dickens and Nonrepresentation” in Realist Vision (2005)
5. George Eliot – Chapter 17“In Which the Story Pauses a Little” in Adam Bede (1859)
6. David Daiches – “The Victorian Novel” in A Critical History of English Literature Vol IV (1960)